Keris-keris Pusaka Yang Melegenda

1. Keris Mpu Gandring

Keris Mpu Gandring adalah senjata pusaka yang terkenal dalam riwayat berdirinya Kerajaan Singhasari di daerah Malang, Jawa Timur sekarang. Keris ini terkenal karena kutukannya yang memakan korban dari kalangan elit Singasari termasuk pendiri dan pemakainya, ken Arok.

Keris ini dibuat oleh Mpu Gandring, atas pesanan Ken Arok. Ken Arok memesan keris ini kepada Mpu Gandring dengan waktu satu malam saja, yang merupakan pekerjaan hampir mustahil dilakukan oleh para "mpu" pada masa itu. Namun Mpu Gandring menyanggupinya dengan kekuatan gaib yang dimilikinya. Bahkan kekuatan tadi "ditransfer" kedalam keris buatannya itu untuk menambah kemampuan dan kesaktian keris tersebut.

Setelah selesai menjadi keris dengan bentuk dan wujud yang sempurna bahkan memiliki kemampuan supranatural yang konon dikatakan melebihi keris pusaka masa itu. Setelah  keris selesai, Mpu Gandring menyelesaikan pekerjaannya membuat sarung keris . Namun belum lagi sarung tersebut selesai dibuat, Ken Arok datang mengambil keris tersebut yang menurutnya sudah satu hari dan harus diambil. 

Kemudian Ken Arok menguji Keris tersebut dan terakhir Keris tersebut ditusukkannya pada Mpu Gandring yang konon menurutnya tidak menepati janji (karena sarung keris itu belum selesai dibuat). 

Dalam keadaan sekarat, Mpu Gandring mengeluarkan kutukan bahwa Keris tersebut akan meminta korban nyawa tujuh turunan dari Ken Arok. Dalam perjalanannya, keris ini terlibat dalam perselisihan dan pembunuhan elit kerajaan Singhasari yaitu Tunggul Ametung, Ken Arok, Anusapati dan keturunan Ken Arok. 

2.  Keris Pusaka Setan Kober

Keris  Pusaka Setan Kober dibuat oleh Mpu Supo Mandrangi , putra seorang empu di Tuban , Jawa Timur. Supo Mandrangi kemudian memeluk agama Islam dengan menjadi murid Sunan Ampel, dengan tetap membawa kemampuannya membuat keris. Banyak keris pusaka dibuat oleh Mpu Supo, diantaranya adalah Keris Pusaka Setan Kober, selain karya monumentalnya, Kanjeng Kyai Sengkelat dan Kanjeng Kyai Nogososro . Keris Pusaka Setan Kober , aslinya bernama 'Bronggot Setan Kober' , dibuat pada awal kerajaan Islam Demak Bintoro. Dan Keris tersebut kemudian dimiliki oleh Djafar Shodiq atau Sunan Kudus yang kemudian diberikan pada murid kesayangannya Arya Penangsang, Adipati Jipang Panolan

Keris ini dikenakan Arya Penangsang  pada waktu ia perang tanding melawan Sutawijaya. Tapi tak diketahui sesungguhnya dapur / bentuknya seperti apa.

Suatu saat tombak Kyai Pleret yang dipakai Sutawijaya mengenai lambung Arya Penangsang, hingga ususnya terburai.

Arya Penangsang dengan sigap, menyangkutkan buraian ususnya itu pada wrangka atau sarung-hulu keris yang terselip di pinggangnya, dan terus bertempur. Saat berikutnya , Sutawijaya terdesak hebat dan kesempatan itu digunakan oleh Arya Penangsang untuk segera penuntaskan perang tanding tersebut, dengan mencabut keris dari dalam wrangka atau ngliga keris (menghunus), dan tanpa sadar bahwa wilah(an) atau mata keris Setan Kober langsung memotong ususnya yang disangkutkan di bagian wrangkanya. Ia tewas seketika.

Ki Juru Mertani ( penasehat Sutawijaya ) terkesan menyaksikan betapa gagahnya Arya Penangsang dengan usus terburai yang menyangkut pada hulu kerisnya. Ia lalu memerintahkan agar anak laki-lakinya, kalau kelak menikah meniru Arya Penangsang, dan menggantikan buraian usus dengan rangkaian atau ronce bunga melati, dengan begitu maka pengantin pria akan tampak lebih gagah, dan tradisi tersebut tetap digunakan hingga saat ini. 

3. Keris Kyai Sengkelat

Tidak banyak cerita yang bisa dirunut atau dipercaya mengenai keris kyai Sengkelat ini. Yang banyak justru cerita mitosnya. Namun yang terkenal bukan kerisnya melainkan justru Empu pembuatnya yaitu Empu Supa.

Cerita keris kyai sengkelat berkisar di abad 15 pada jaman Majapahit diperintah Prabu Kertabumi atau Brawijaya-V. 

Konon kyai sengkelat pernah dicuri oleh adipati Blambangan, namun berhasil dikembalikan lagi oleh Empu Supa tanpa melalui pertumpahan darah. 

4. Keris Kyai Carubuk

Sama dengan keris sengkelat, tidak banyak rujukan tertulis yang bisa dicari, melainkan banyak sekali cerita mitosnya.

Sepanjang rujukan ini bisa dipercaya, keris carubuk seangkatan keris kyai sengkelat.  

5. Keris Naga Sasra Sabuk Inten

Keris  Pusaka Nagasasra dan Sabuk Inten adalah dua benda pusaka peninggalan Raja Majapahit. Nagasasra adalah nama salah satu dapur (bentuk) keris luk tiga belas dan ada pula yang luk-nya berjumlah sembilan dan sebelas, sehingga penyebutan nama dapur ini harus disertai dengan menyatakan jumlah luk-nya.

Nama keris Nagasasra (tanpa menyebutkan dapur) menjadi terkenal karena menjadi topik dalam cerita silat karya S.H. Mintarja, diceritakan bahwa Mahesa Jenar, salah satu muridnya Syeh Siti Jennar, mantan perwira tinggi kerajaan Demak pada masa kerajaan Demak Bintoro mencari kedua benda pusaka tersebut yang konon bagi siapa yang mendapatkannya akan menjadi pewaris sah tahta kerajaan Demak. 

6. Keris Kanjeng Kyai Condong Campur

Keris Condong Campur adalah salah satu keris pusaka milik Kerajaan Majapahit yang banyak disebut dalam legenda dan folklor. Keris ini dikenal dengan nama Kanjeng Kyai Condong Campur.

Keris ini merupakan salah satu dapur keris lurus. Panjang bilahnya sedang dengan kembang kacang, satu lambe gajah, satu sogokan di depan dan ukuran panjangnya sampai ujung bilah, sogokan belakang tidak ada. Selain itu, keris ini juga menggunakan gusen dan lis-lis-an.

Konon keris pusaka ini dibuat beramai-ramai oleh seratus orang mpu. Bahan kerisnya diambil dari berbagai tempat. Dan akhirnya keris ini menjadi keris pusaka yang sangat ampuh tetapi memiliki watak yang jahat.

Dalam dunia keris muncul mitos dan legenda yang mengatakan adanya pertengkaran antara beberapa keris. Keris Sabuk Inten yang merasa terancam dengan adanya keris Condong Campur akhirnya memerangi Condong Campur. Dalam pertikaian tersebut, Sabuk Inten kalah.

Sedangkan keris Sengkelat yang juga merasa sangat tertekan oleh kondisi ini akhirnya memerangi Condong Campur hingga akhirnya Condong Campur kalah dan melesat ke angkasa menjadi Lintang Kemukus(komet atau bintang berekor), dan mengancam akan kembali ke bumi setiap 500 tahun untuk membuat huru hara, yang dalam bahasa Jawa disebut ontran-ontran. 

 

Sumber : www.goocap.com

10 Deadly Skin Diseases

1. Harlequin Ichthyosis

This skin disease afflicts newborn babies. It is a rare skin disease, believed to be caused by a gene mutation, which usually results in death within two days from birth. Harlequin Ichthyosis or HI causes the skin to dry out and from hard plaques shaped like diamonds. When the baby is born, the infant appears to be wearing a coat of armor. The condition severely restricts the newborn's movements.

HI causes complications which are attributed to the newborns deaths. The babies experience feeding problems. These infant are also susceptible to both respiratory diseases and bacterial infections. Fortunately, the level of care has improved substantially which in turn has increased the survival rate for babies born with this devastating skin disease.

2. Epidermolysis Bullosa

Epidermolysis Bullosa is a group of hereditary skin disease. There are three major types with several subsets. The skin disease has a range of severity. The skin disease causes the skin to blister with only a light torch. Individual with more severe case of Epidermolysis Bullosa with suffer with glistering of the mouth and esophagus too. Some types of this disease can cause the toes and fingers to fuse giving the appearance of webbing. Severe scaring in another effect.

There is no cure for this deadly skin disease. Victims of skin conditions have to endure various courses of treatment, dependent on the severity of their conditions. Some afflicted with this skin disease must obtain food through a feeding tube to prevent infections. Surgeries are often performed to dilate the esophagus and to remove the scar tissue from the blistering.

3. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome is a hereditary conditions. It is caused by abnormalities in the collagen. This skin disease causes the skin to be extremely stretchy (hyper elasticity) and lax. Persons afflicted with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome will also suffer with tissue weakness and easy bruising. Weak joints are also characteristic of this skin disease.

As with other skin disease, the severity of the symptoms experienced by an individual afflicted with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome depends on the type the person has. Some types of this disease will cause hemorrhaging and can result in the rupturing of arteries. An occurrence of this type will result in the person's death.

4. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (AKA MRSA)

MRSA is labeled the "super bug". This potentially deadly skin infection begins as small red bumps. The bumps look similar to pimples or bug bites. These small bumps evolve into deep and painful abscesses. The bacteria are confined into the skin but can gain access into the body. Once in the body, MRSA causes infections in the blood, heart, lungs, bones, and joints.

Treatment options for MRSA include surgery and certain antibiotics. Surgery is performed to drain the wounds that become open abscesses and place the person at risk for life threatening infections. MRSA is resistant to almost all antibiotics. The bacteria have adapted defenses to combat what was once a lethal toxin to the infection. Only two antibiotics are strong enough to combat MRSA, vancomycin and linezolid.

5. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (AKA TEN)

TEN is identified as a severe allergic reaction. The allergic reaction is usually in response to an infection or a medication. TEN causes flu-like symptoms over a several day period. Inflamation of the mucous membranes then occurs. A rash covers the skin, killing the uppermost layer of skin. The dead skin will shed. This occurs over 30% of the body and can be fatal. More than a quarter of the people afflicted with this painful condition die from some type of infection.

6. Basal cell carcinomas and Squamous cell carcinoma.

Both of these skin diseases are forms of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinomas occur in the basal layer of skin. The cancer damages the tissue and causes scarring. This cancer doesn't metastasize.Squamous cell carcinoma occurs in the squamous cells, hence the name. Squamous cells from the skin surrounding the internal organs. The cancer does metastasize. The cancer can spread to the organs. This type of cancer kill at least 2500 people in the US each year.

7. Scleroderma

Scleroderma causes abnormal growth of connective tissue. The skin hardens and tightens. Scar tissue then forms on the skin and other organs in the body. This condition is believed to be an autoimmune disease. The more severe forms of Scleroderma can cause the lung and heart tissue to thicken also. When this occurs, death often results.

8. Pemphigus

Pemphigus is a group of chronic skin diseases. The skin disease is characterized by open sores caused by blisters. The sores can lead to infections. Severe cases of Pemphigus can cause lesions on the lungs and may lead to lung disease. This skin disease is thought to be an autoimmune disorder.

Pemphigus is treated with medications. Corticosteroids are most often prescribed. Treatments also include antibiotics or immunosuppressants. Some people require hospitalization to care for the wounds. Severe cases of Phempigus can result in death.

9. Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is reported to have afflicted around 12 million people and is considered to be endemic. The disease is transmitted by sand flies. When the sand fly bites, they transfer the skin disease. A sore usually appears on the bite and scars the skin. The disease then causes skin lesions and ulcers. Tissue damage occurs in the mouth and nose. Infections attack the liver, bone, marrow and spleen. Other organs can also be infected.

10. Herpes Gladiatorum or Scrumpox

Scrumpox is a skin disease caused by a strain of the herpes virus. The skin disease causes cold sores. Sore throats, blisters on the face, arms, neck, and legs. As with many of the other skin disease, infection can be a complication of the blisters and sores. The infection can then lead to death. Scrumpox is spread through skin contact and is extremely contagious.

http://www.goocap.com/2013/05/10-deadly-skin-diseases.html

New breathalyser detects marijuana, meth and cocaine

Researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden have developed a new kind of breathalyser at the detects a lot more than just alcohol on your breath. When Police suspect a driver under the influence, it's a simple matter to administer an on-the-spot breath test that can immediately reveal how much alcohol is in bloodstream. But what if the influence in question is not alcohol?

Rather than subjecting everyone involved in transportation to a facility that can administer an invasive blood test or a messy urine test, researchers at the Karolinska Institute have created a breathalyser that can be used on the spot Called SensAbues, the breathalyser has succesfully detected amphetamine, metamphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, MDMA, buprenorphine, methadone, heroin, benzodiazepines and nicotine.

The team, lead by Olof Beck at the Karolinska Institute's Department of Medicine, collected blood and urine samples from 47 patients who had recently used drugs as a comparison point. The test subjects then breathed into the SensAbues. Tiny particles were trapped in a proprietary filter, in 40 cases of the 47, the substances were positively identified.

Alas, it's not as simple as an on-the-spot reading, however. Once used, the SensAbues breathalyser needs to be package up and sent to a laboratory for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. This, of course, leaves a problem in its wake what are the police to do with a driver suspected of being under the influence?

There are other applications, for the technoogy, though, drug testing for construction workers or operators of heavy machinery, for example. And, although the laboratory for analysing the filters is in Sweden, the product is already available on the market. It's only matter of the time before SensAbues starts appearing in other countries. You can read the research paper, titled "Detection of drugs of abuse in exhaled breath using a device for rapid collection : comparison with plasma, urine and self-reporting in 47 drug users", on IOP science.

http://www.goocap.com/2013/04/new-breathalyser-detects-marijuana-meth.html

1,200 Years Old Egyptian Secrets At Sunken City

Until ten years ago, no body know if Heraclion  believed to be an ancient harbor city, was fiction or real. Now, report the Telegraph, the researchers who found it - 150 feet beneath the surface of Egypt's bay of Aboukir-are sharing some of the amazinf historical artifacts preserved there.

The finds include 64 ships, 16-foot-tall statues, 700 anchors and countless gold coins and smaller artifacts. According to underwater aecheologist Frank Goddio, credited with having discovered the site, the city was probably built sometime around the 8th century B.C, which makes it older than the farmed city of Alexandria.

Over many years, it fell vistim to a number of natural disasters before being swalloewed by the sea, probably around A.D 700. 

The Telegraph reports that researchers are beginning to more fully understand what daily life was like in the city, also called "Thorus." Mainly they describe it has having served as the main hub for sea traffic entering the region, including all trade from Greece. 

"We are getting a rich picture of things like the trade that was going on there and the nature of the maritime economy in the Egyptian late period," Damian Robinson, director of the Oxford Centre for Maritime Archeology at the University of Oxford, told the Telegraph Robinson is part of the team that has been busy uncovering artifacts from Heraclion's sunken remains.

It was the major international trading port for Egypt at this time," Robinson addes "It is where taxation was taken on import and export duties. All of this was run by the main temple."

The city is also believed to have had a rich cultural hstory. Helen was said to have visited it with her lover Pans shortly before the onset of the Trojan War.

http://www.goocap.com/2013/04/1200-years-old-egyptian-secrets-at.html

http://www.goocap.com

Goocap.com adalah situs yang berisi pengetahuan umum dan perkembangan teknologi terbaru.

Goocap.com dengan judul website when-what-where-how adalah terobosan baru situs blog yang mengutamakan pengetahuan umum yang mirip ensiklopedia.

Goocap.com situs yang dibuat di Indonesia merupakan situs pengetahuan populer yang sesuai perkembangan jaman.

Sumber : http://www.goocap.com